Founded by Act of Parliament in 1854, for "the Diffusion and Advancement of Science, Literature and Art amongst all Classes of Persons resident in Birmingham and the Midland Counties," the B.M.I. continues to pursue these aims.

Housed in an attractive Grade II* listed building, conveniently located in the centre of Birmingham where the city's business and commercial quarter meets the city's cultural centre, the B.M.I. offers its own cultural and educational activities, including a wide-ranging programme of Arts and Science Lectures, exhibitions and concerts for its members and others.

The BMI also includes The Birmingham Library, founded in 1779.